ABSTRACT. This study aimed to map the world's scientific production of bacterial and fungal microbiota in mollusks. The research was carried out in the Web of Science database, using “Fungi AND Mollusk” and “Bacteria AND Mollusk” descriptors and publication time between 2001 and 2021. Indexes were built by years, countries, research areas, and two maps of the co-occurrence of terms. There was a progressive increase in the production of microbiota in mollusks, with more research on bacteria during the investigated period. China and USA were the countries with the highest percentage of publications. Research with fungi and bacteria accounted for 28.41 and 17.66% in China, respectively. While the USA, the percentage was 21.05% for fungi and 16.02% for bacteria. Areas such as marine and freshwater biology (24.77%), fisheries (23.86%), biochemistry and molecular biology (18.60%), and pharmacy (17.83%) showed a higher percentage of indexed articles. There was also a high concentration of deposits of publications in the immunology area for both themes. The groups formed for bacteria and fungi indicated that studies had described the immune responses of mollusks, the genetic aspects associated with their defense mechanisms, pathogen virulence factors, and symbiotic and pathogenic microbiota, highlighting genera Vibrio, Aspergillus, and Escherichia coli pathogenic pathotypes. The bacterial and fungal microbiota in mollusks have been studied in several areas of knowledge and have given rise to research that can support the proper management of mollusks, application in the pharmaceutical industry, and implementation of measures in public health.

ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is considered one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), which affects around 240 million people worldwide. In Brazil, Schistosomiasis mansoni has been registered in 19 states, predominantly in rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of Schistosomiasis mansoni cases in the Maranhao State from 2007 to 2016, as well as the temporal trend over this period. The data were obtained from secondary sources: Schistosomiasis Control Program of Maranhao (PCE-MA) and Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The State Health Regions (HRs) were considered analysis units. Maranhao had a positivity rate of 3.8 for the period. The Regions that presented the highest percentages of positivity in the state were Pinheiro (7.92), Ze Doca (3.30), and Viana (3.10). Municipalities such as Bacuri, Serrano do Maranhao, and Bequimao, located in the Pinheiro HR, showed positivity rates of 16.56, 13.31, and 11.01 respectively. The spatial analysis of schistosomiasis cases showed that Maranhao has two main centers for the spread of the disease, both located in the northern portion of the state, namely the Baixada Maranhense and the east coast. This study concluded that the positivity of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Maranhao was stable over the analyzed period. The state still maintains the Baixada Maranhense micro-region as an important area for the spread of the disease reaching socially vulnerable population groups.

Introduction: The Baixada Maranhense Microregion currently has the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis in the State of Maranhão, likely because this parasitosis is characterized as an occupational disease, and increased contact with water increases the risk of infection by Schistosoma mansoni. This paper reports the results of the first comprehensive freshwater malacological survey performed in the Baixada Maranhense Microregion. Methods: Freshwater mollusks were collected from the twenty-one municipalities of the Baixada Maranhense Microregion and from Bacurituba and Cajapió and were evaluated for infection by trematodes. Results: A total of 9,129 mollusks were collected (sixteen species), which included the first records of six species in the State of Maranhão: Gundlachia radiata, G. ticaga, Hebetancylus moricandi, Plesiophysa guadeloupensis, Pomacea bridgesii diffusa and Omalonyx sp. Biomphalaria glabrata was found in five municipalities, whereas B. straminea was found in nine. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were observed in syntopy in Pinheiro and São Bento. Of the 990 specimens of B. glabrata and the 2,109 specimens of B. straminea that were exposed to and/or analyzed for the presence of larval trematodes, only a single specimen of B. glabrata (0.1%) from São Bento shed S. mansoni. Other larval trematodes were first observed in mollusks from the State of Maranhão. Conclusions: These results indicate that the study area is epidemiologically important due to the presence of two natural vectors of schistosomiasis and the active transmission of schistosomiasis, which was confirmed in the infected specimen that was collected in this study.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência da esquistossomose mansônica no Maranhão, Brasil, no período de 1997 a 2003, segundo as regionais de saúde contempladas pelo Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE). O método estatístico utilizado foi a regressão polinomial. Bacabal e São Luís apresentaram tendência decrescente e constante. Colinas demonstrou tendência de incremento até o ano de 2002, com posterior diminuição. Em Imperatriz, observou-se tendência crescente e constante. Concluiu-se que as questões relativas às características socioeconômicas são bastante expressivas no Maranhão e, seguramente, possuem relação com os resultados encontrados. Acredita-se, ainda, que o registro de dados referente às regionais de saúde do estado tenha sido afetado pelas modificações ocorridas por conta da descentralização do PCE. Os resultados deste estudo apontam aspectos que transcendem a análise do padrão de ocorrência de casos de esquistossomose mansônica no Estado do Maranhão, ficando demonstrada, sobretudo, a necessidade de melhorias relacionadas às condições de vida da população.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni in Maranhão State, Brazil, from 1997 to 2003, based on data from the regional health offices included in the Schistosomiasis Control Program. The statistical method was polynomial regression. The municipalities (counties) of Bacabal and São Luís showed a constantly downward trend throughout the time series. Colinas showed an increase in prevalence until 2002, followed by a downward trend. Imperatriz witnessed a constant upward trend. Socioeconomic factors are highly significant for schistosomiasis prevalence in Maranhão, which helps explain the results. The recording of data for the regional health offices is believed to have been affected by changes resulting from decentralization of the Schistosomiasis Control Program. The study's results highlight issues that extend beyond analysis of the pattern of occurrence of schistosomiasis mansoni cases in the State of Maranhão, particularly demonstrating the need for improvements in the population's living conditions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência da esquistossomose mansônica no Maranhão, Brasil, no período de 1997 a 2003, segundo as regionais de saúde contempladas pelo Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE). O método estatístico utilizado foi a regressão polinomial. Bacabal e São Luís apresentaram tendência decrescente e constante. Colinas demonstrou tendência de incremento até o ano de 2002, com posterior diminuição. Em Imperatriz, observou-se tendência crescente e constante. Concluiu-se que as questões relativas às características socioeconômicas são bastante expressivas no Maranhão e, seguramente, possuem relação com os resultados encontrados. Acredita-se, ainda, que o registro de dados referente às regionais de saúde do estado tenha sido afetado pelas modificações ocorridas por conta da descentralização do PCE. Os resultados deste estudo apontam aspectos que transcendem a análise do padrão de ocorrência de casos de esquistossomose mansônica no Estado do Maranhão, ficando demonstrada, sobretudo, a necessidade de melhorias relacionadas às condições de vida da população.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni in Maranhão State, Brazil, from 1997 to 2003, based on data from the regional health offices included in the Schistosomiasis Control Program. The statistical method was polynomial regression. The municipalities (counties) of Bacabal and São Luís showed a constantly downward trend throughout the time series. Colinas showed an increase in prevalence until 2002, followed by a downward trend. Imperatriz witnessed a constant upward trend. Socioeconomic factors are highly significant for schistosomiasis prevalence in Maranhão, which helps explain the results. The recording of data for the regional health offices is believed to have been affected by changes resulting from decentralization of the Schistosomiasis Control Program. The study's results highlight issues that extend beyond analysis of the pattern of occurrence of schistosomiasis mansoni cases in the State of Maranhão, particularly demonstrating the need for improvements in the population's living conditions.